Understanding Common Cancers in Men: How Critical Illness Insurance Provides Essential Support

As we navigate the complexities of life, it's essential to confront the reality that some battles are sometimes beyond our control. They may only be managed or prevented. One such adversary is cancer, a formidable foe that may strike anyone— regardless of age or gender.

In this comprehensive guide, we look at common cancers affecting men. Additionally, we aim to illustrate how critical illness insurance may serve as a crucial ally in the fight against these diseases.

Common cancers in men

The following are nuances of each prevalent cancer, shedding light on the key aspects characterising these common cancers.

Prostate cancer

Prostate cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers amongst men and originates in the prostate gland—a small, walnut-shaped organ producing seminal fluid. While it is often slow-growing, it can become aggressive, with age, family history, and ethnicity influencing its development.

Its major risk factors may include:

• Age: Incidence increases with age.

• Family History: Genetic factors play a major

 

 

Testicular cancer

This cancer typically begins in the testicles, which are responsible for sperm and testosterone production. It is more common in younger men and has a relatively high survival rate, especially when detected early.

The risk factors may include:

• Age: More common in young to middle-aged men.

• Undescended Testicle is a known risk factor.

• Family history: Genetic predisposition may contribute to the incidence of the ailment.

 

 

Lung cancer

Lung cancer is primarily associated with smoking, although non-smokers can develop it. It often goes unnoticed until later stages, emphasising the need for regular screenings.

The common risk factors include:

• Smoking is the leading cause.

• Exposure to asbestos, radon, and other pollutants.

• Family History: Genetic predisposition may play a role.

 

 

Colorectal cancer

Colorectal cancer affects one’s colon or rectum, and usually develops from polyps. Regular screenings may help detect and remove polyps before they become cancerous.

The risk factors for this cancer include:

• Age: Incidence increases with age.

• Family history: genetic factors contribute.

• A diet high in red and processed meats.

 

 

Bladder cancer

Bladder cancer often starts in the cells lining the bladder. It is more common in older adults and frequently recurs after treatment. The significant risk factors for bladder cancer may include the following:

• Smoking

• Exposure to chemicals, such as regular exposure to hair dyes at work^[1]

• Chronic Bladder Inflammation

 

 

Scrotum and penis cancer

Cancers affecting the scrotum and penis are relatively rare but are male cancers that require attention. Early detection is vital for successful treatment.

Its major risk factors may include:

• Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infection: Linked to Penile cancer.

• Age: Incidence increases with age.

 

 

Understanding the intricacies of these common cancers empowers individuals to take charge of their health.

Signs and symptoms of male cancers

Recognising the early symptoms of male cancer is crucial for timely intervention and improved treatment outcomes. The distinctive indicators associated with prostate, testicular, lung, colorectal, bladder, and scrotum and penis cancers may include:

Prostate cancer

• Difficulty urinating:

  • Sign: Trouble starting or stopping urination.

  • Implication: Enlarged prostate or tumour pressing on the urethra.

• Blood in urine or semen:

  • Sign: Unexplained blood in urine or semen.

  • Implication: May indicate prostate cancer, necessitating further investigation.

• Pelvic discomfort:

  • Sign: Persistent pain or discomfort in the pelvic area.

  • Implication: Tumour growth affecting nearby tissues.

• Unexplained weight loss:

  • Sign: Significant weight loss of 5% or more of body weight without making any intentional changes to diet or exervise routine.

  • Implication: metabolic changes or loss of appetite.

 

Testicular cancer

• Presence of a lump or enlargement in a testicle. This may potentially indicate a tumour growth requiring examination.

• Persistent pain or discomfort in the testicles or scrotum.

• Changes in testicle consistencye., changes in the size, shape, or consistency of a testicle.

 

Lung cancer

• A persistent cough that lingers or worsens over time.

• Shortness of breath.

• Persistent chest pain.

• Unexplained weight loss.

 

Colorectal cancer

• Persistent changes in bowel habits (E.g. diarrhoea or constipation).

• Blood in stool

• Sudden decrease in body weight

• Continuous abdominal pain or discomfort.

 

Bladder cancer

• Presence of blood in the urine.

• Urgency and frequency of urination.

• Persistent pelvic pain.

• Rapid weight loss.

 

Scrotum and penis cancer

• Changes in the colour or skin texture of the penis or scrotum.

• Persistent ulcers or sores that do not heal.

• Swelling or lumps in the genital region.

• Sudden decline in body weight.

 

Recognising these signs and symptoms empowers individuals to seek prompt medical attention. Furthermore, regular health check-ups and awareness of sporadic changes in the body are essential for the early diagnosis and effective management of male cancers.

Early intervention not only improves the chances of successful treatment but also reduces the overall impact on an individual's quality of life.

How are male cancers diagnosed?

Understanding the diagnostic process for male cancers is essential. From routine screenings to advanced medical technologies, staying informed empowers individuals to take charge of their health. An early and accurate diagnosis is pivotal in effectively managing cancers.

Some of the various diagnostic methods employed for the common cancers in men are as follows:

Prostate cancer

• Digital Rectal Exam (DRE):

  • Procedure: A physician checks the prostate's size, shape, and texture by inserting a gloved, lubricated finger into the rectum.

  • Purpose: To detect any abnormalities or changes in the prostate gland.

• Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) test:

  • Procedure: A blood test measuring PSA levels, a protein produced by the prostate.

  • Purpose: Elevated PSA levels may indicate prostate issues, prompting further investigations.

• Biopsy:

  • Procedure: Revolves around the removal of a small tissue sample from the prostate for microscopic examination.

  • Purpose: Confirms the presence of cancer cells and determines the cancer's aggressiveness.

 

Testicular cancer

• Physical examination:

  • Procedure: A healthcare professional examines the testicles for lumps, swelling, or changes in size.

  • Purpose: To detect abnormalities in the testicles.

• Ultrasound:

  • Procedure: High-frequency sound waves create an image of the testicles.

  • Purpose: Confirms the presence and characteristics of testicular masses.

• Blood tests:

  • Procedure: Measures tumour markers like alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG).

  • Purpose: Elevated levels may indicate testicular cancer.

 

Lung cancer

• Imaging tests:

  • Procedure: Chest X-rays, CT scans, or PET scans visualise lung abnormalities.

  • Purpose: Identifies tumours, their size, and location.

• Biopsy:

  • Procedure: Removal of a small tissue sample from the lung for analysis.

  • Purpose: Confirms the presence and type of cancer cells.

• Bronchoscopy:

  • Procedure: A thin tube with an attached camera is inserted through the nose or mouth into the lungs.

  • Purpose: Allows direct visualisation and biopsy of lung tissue.

 

Colorectal cancer

• Colonoscopy:

  • Procedure: A flexible tube with a camera examines the colon's interior.

  • Purpose: Detects polyps and allows for their removal or biopsy.

• Faecal Occult Blood Test (FOBT):

  • Procedure: Detection of blood in the stool.

  • Purpose: Indicates bleeding in the digestive tract, potentially from colorectal cancer.

• CT Colonography:

  • Procedure: A specialised CT scan that provides detailed images of the colon

  • Purpose: Detects abnormalities, including tumours.

 

Bladder cancer

• Cystoscopy:

  • Procedure: A thin tube with a camera examines the bladder's interior.

  • Purpose: Identifies abnormalities, such as tumours.

• Urinalysis:

  • Procedure: Analysis of urine for blood or abnormal cells

  • Purpose: Indicates potential bladder issues, including cancer.

• Imaging studies:

  • Procedure: CT scans, MRIs, or ultrasounds for detailed images.

  • Purpose: Reveals the size and location of tumours in the bladder.

 

Scrotum and penis cancer

• Physical examination:

  • Procedure: Visual and tactile examination of the genital area.

  • Purpose: Detects any abnormalities, lumps, or changes in skin texture.

• Biopsy:

  • Procedure: Removal of a small tissue sample for microscopic examination.

  • Purpose: Confirms the presence of cancer cells and determines the cancer type.

• Imaging studies:

  • Procedure: CT scans or MRI for detailed images.

  • Purpose: Assesses the extent and location of cancerous growth.

 

Understanding these diagnostic methods empowers individuals to participate in their healthcare journey actively. Regular screenings, especially for those with risk factors, contribute to early detection and improved outcomes in the face of male cancers.

Early diagnosis facilitates timely treatment and enhances the chances of successful interventions, promoting better long-term health.

Treatment for male cancers

Navigating the landscape of cancer treatment can be overwhelming. From surgery to chemotherapy, each path has its challenges. A robust insurance plan, like PRUMy Critical Care, ensures that individuals can focus on healing rather than financial stress. The following are several treatments that are used to treat male cancers.

1. Precision medicine for cancer represents a promising frontier in cancer diagnostics and treatment. This relatively nascent paradigm involves tailoring treatments to the genetic and molecular characteristics of the male's cancer type.

2. Surgical removal of tumor is opted for when excision is possible, or for localised tumors. For example, minimally invasive techniques, like robotic-assisted prostatectomy^[2] are effective in removing cancerous tumours whilst preserving the patient's quality of life.

3. Radiation therapy is utilised to kill cancer cells via the deployment of high-energy rays or radioactive material. This treatment modality is typically used in combination with other treatments, like surgery or chemotherapy.

4. Immunotherapy drugs help the immune system cells identify and attack cancer cells. These treatments are an option for advanced prostate cancers that no longer respond to hormone therapy.

5. Chemotherapy leverages drugs to kill rapidly growing cancerous cells. It may be administered via a vein in the arm or in pill form.

6. Hormone therapy is a treatment that works to stop the body from producing testosterone (which prostate cancer cells rely on to grow). Cutting off the supply of testosterone may stop cancer cells from growing.

 

Can male cancers be prevented?

While prevention is not always foolproof, adopting a proactive approach to health can mitigate risks. The most effective cancer prevention approaches that appreciably lower the risk of male cancer are:

1. Maintaining a healthy weight.

2. Exercising frequently

3. Avoiding the use of tobacco.

4. Limiting alcohol consumption

5. Consuming a balanced diet with limited intake of red and processed meats, saturated and trans fats, and added sugars.

Male cancer treatment cost in Malaysia

The cost of cancer treatment in Malaysia can vary widely depending on the type of cancer, the stage at which it is diagnosed, the treatment plan, and the type of hospital (private vs. government). Here's an overview of the common costs associated with cancer treatment:

Surgery

Surgical treatment costs can range significantly. For instance, a common procedure like a coronary bypass might cost between RM25,000 and RM80,000 in a private hospital.

Chemotherapy

The costs of chemotherapy can vary depending on the drugs used, the frequency of treatment sessions, and the overall duration of the treatment. Basic cycles start at RM3,300 and can go up to RM9,000 or more per session.

Radiation therapy

Radiation therapy is another costly treatment option, with prices depending on the sophistication and length of the treatment plan.

Targeted therapy

These are newer cancer treatments that can be considerably more expensive than traditional chemotherapy and radiation. Costs can easily run into several hundred thousand ringgits depending on the duration of the therapy.

Hospital stays

Daily costs in a private hospital can be substantial, especially if intensive care is required. General ward rates are lower, but they can still be significant over the duration of treatment.

Miscellaneous costs

These can include diagnostic tests, outpatient care, follow-up visits, and supportive care required during and after the main treatment phases.

Government vs. private hospitals

Treatment in government hospitals in Malaysia is typically less expensive than in private hospitals. However, the choice often depends on personal preference for the doctor, waiting times.

These figures and ranges provide a general idea of what patients might expect to pay for cancer treatment in Malaysia. However, for more specific pricing, it is advisable to consult directly with hospitals or treatment centres.

Insurance for male cancers

Even with preventive measures, the unpredictability of cancer remains. This is where critical illness insurance for men, like PRUMan , comes into play. Offering affordable coverage, including gender-specific illnesses like prostate, testicular, scrotum, and penis cancers, it ensures financial stability during challenging times.

PRUMan highlights:

• Affordable Coverage: Starting from RM53/month

• Cash Rewards: Celebrate 10 happy moments with you.

• "Free Coverage": Refund of premium upon maturity

• Gender-Specific Illnesses Benefit: Covers surgical recovery or treatment for gender-specific cancers.

 

 

FAQ

What is considered the deadliest cancer for men in Malaysia?

Lung cancer is deemed the deadliest for Malaysian men due to its high mortality rate and the fact that symptoms often appear only in the advanced stages of the disease.

What factors contribute to pancreatic cancer progressing more rapidly in men?

Pancreatic cancer progresses rapidly due to late diagnosis, aggressive cancer cells, its location in the abdomen, high metastatic potential, and resistance to treatment. These factors contribute to its poor prognosis and low survival rates, underscoring the importance of early detection and improved therapies.

What preventive measures can reduce the risk of pancreatic cancer?

While pancreatic cancer has some uncontrollable risk factors like age and genetics, preventive measures include maintaining a healthy weight, avoiding smoking, limiting alcohol consumption, and eating a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.

Can I claim my critical illness insurance for early-stage cancer?

Yes, many insurance policies in Malaysia, including Prudential's PRUCancer X, offer coverage for early-stage cancers. These policies typically provide a lump sum payment even for early-stage diagnoses, which can help cover initial treatment costs and reduce financial burden.

How do I file a claim if I am diagnosed with cancer?

To file a claim, you typically need to submit a claim form along with medical documentation confirming your cancer diagnosis from a certified medical professional. You may also need to provide your medical history and any other required documentation as specified by your insurance provider. Ensure all documents are complete to avoid delays.

How can lifestyle changes reduce the risk of cancer in men?

Lifestyle changes such as quitting smoking, reducing alcohol intake, maintaining a healthy weight, exercising regularly, and eating a balanced diet rich in fruits and vegetables can significantly reduce the risk of developing various types of cancer, including those most common among men.

Why is it important for men to have regular medical check-ups?

Regular check-ups can help detect cancer and other diseases early before symptoms become apparent. Early detection often leads to better treatment outcomes and can significantly increase survival rates. Men are advised to have regular screenings for common cancers like prostate and colorectal cancer as recommended by health professionals.

How often should men get screened for cancer? Is it important for men to have regular medical check-ups?

Screening schedules can vary based on individual risk factors (like age, family history, and lifestyle choices), but general recommendations include:

• Annual lung cancer screening for high-risk individuals (especially smokers) starting at age 50.

• Colonoscopy every ten years starting at age 45 for colorectal cancer.

• Prostate cancer screening discussions should begin at age 50 for most men but earlier for those at higher risk.

Conclusion

In the realm of common cancers affecting men, knowledge is power. Understanding the nuances of each condition, from symptoms to treatment, empowers individuals to make informed decisions about their health.

Coupled with a robust critical illness insurance plan, like PRUMan, individuals can face the uncertainties of common cancers in Malaysia with confidence.

^[1]Hair Dyes and Cancer Risk, Available at https://www.cancer.org/cancer/risk-prevention/chemicals/hair-dyes.html

^[2]Robot-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy: A Step-by-Step Guide, Available at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6071518/